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Humans have it . So do chimpanzees , bottlenose dolphins , Asiatic elephants and even spouter . The ability to recognize oneself in the mirror is lie with as self - recognition , and imp were n’t recollect to be able to do it — until now .
A group of researchers claims they have trainedrhesus monkeysto learn to know their reflections in a mirror .
Humans aren’t the only animals that can recognize themselves in the mirror. A new study suggests that monkeys can, too, with a little training.
" Themonkey ’s brainhas the basic ' ironware ' for ego - recognition , but [ the creature need ] some particular ' software ' from training to get this power , " Neng Gong , a neuroscientist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and co - generator of a new discipline published today ( Jan. 8) in the journal Current Biology , enjoin Live Science . [ See Video of Monkey Looking at Itself in the Mirror ]
In human beings , mirrorself - recognitionis thought to be a polarity of empathy , so find it in monkey has important implication .
Laserlike focus
In the fresh study , Gong and his team placed monkeys in front of a mirror and shined a high - power laser light directly on the animals ' faces that caused a feeling of soft innervation . after , they shined a low - powered laser on the rascal ' face that caused no botheration . After two to five weeks of training , the seven monkeys in the study learned to equal the berth in front of the mirror .
The researchers also establish the monkey video mirror image of their face with a virtual sign on it , and the animals touch the Department of Transportation . The researchers conclude that the animal had hand the so - called mark test .
Gordon Gallup Jr. , an evolutionary psychologist at the State University of New York at Albany , who was not involved with the inquiry , developed the " mark trial run , " which is essentially the golden criterion for measure whether an creature possesses ego - acknowledgment . [ 8 Humanlike Behaviors of Primates ]
X punctuate the spot
In the original version of the test , an odorless , nonirritating dye is placed on an fauna ’s face , which can only be seen in a mirror . If the animal touch on the stain after seeing itself in the mirror , but not when the mirror is give out , it is say to have passed the test .
From great apes to elephant , a variety ofdifferent species have passed the stigma test . But antecedently , despite numerous effort by Gallup and other scientist , monkeys had systematically failed to recognise themselves .
A study in 2010 led by Luis Populin , a neuroscientist at the University of Wisconsin - Madison , find that rhesus monkey with head implantsshowed ego - directed behaviorin front of a mirror — examining portion of their bodies they could n’t unremarkably see , such as the interior of their mouths or their genitals — but the animals did not fade the fall guy test .
In the unexampled survey , most of the monkeys also engaged in self - directed behaviors , such as touching the bell ringer on their expression and then looking at or smelling their fingers . Just like the scallywag in Populin ’s study , Gong ’s animal used the mirrors to essay parts of their organic structure they could n’t normally see .
The monkeys ' ego - realisation abilities endure for at least one year , Gong said . Monkeys that were not train by the research worker fail the mark tryout , he said , and the animals could not memorize the ability from other monkeys .
But not all scientists buy the novel findings .
Gallup , who developed the target test , called the report " essentially blemished , " because it merely demonstrated that the animals could be aim to do something , not that they understand what they were doing .
" I reckon I could check a pigeon to pick the right answer to the Graduate Record Examinations ( GRE ) , " Gallup state Live Science . " If the pigeon got [ the maximum GRE account ] , would it be restricted for Harvard University ? "
tool with feelings , or trained monkey ?
In humanity , ego - acknowledgment is sometimes considered a stylemark ofempathy , which is guess to involve a similar Einstein mechanism , Gong said . If monkeys can be trained to develop ego - realization , perhaps they have the genial capacity for empathy as well , scientist say — though so far , there is only anecdotal grounds to support this idea . ( For model , The Guardian put out a videoof a monkey at a train station in India that attempts to revive another monkey that had been electrocuted on the tracks , by burn the dazed animal ’s head and splashing it with H2O . )
The researchers noted that the findings may provide promise for multitude with mental disability who are sometimes ineffectual to recognize themselves in the mirror , such as individuals with developmental disorderliness or Alzheimer ’s disease . Perhaps with training , these people could find the ego - recognition ability , the research worker said .
Populin , who was not involved in the study , praised its findings . " It hold up our conclusions , " he assure Live Science . Most of the sentence , monkeys do n’t recognize themselves in mirrors , he read , but " this study shew they have the ability to learn . "
But Gallup remains confident that Gong ’s scamp were just blindly survey their grooming . " I do n’t remember there ’s a rag of compelling , consistent evidence for self - awareness in rhesus scamp , " he enjoin .
